🔅 👸🏿 ‼️ 科特林测试自动化（第1部分）。Kotest：开始 🎯 ⛰️ 🤞🏿

科斯特

我想分享一下我用Kotlin语言创建功能测试自动化系统的经验。

创建/配置/启动/监视测试执行的基础将是日渐流行的年轻的Kotest框架（以前称为Kotlin Test）。

在分析了Kotlin的所有流行选项之后，结果发现只有两个“本机”选项：

或来自Java世界的无限数量：Junit4 / 5，TestNG，Cucumber JVM或其他BDD框架。

这次选择落在Kotest上，GitHub上的“点赞”次数比Spek多。

Kotlin中关于测试自动化的教程并不多，特别是与Kotest结合使用时。

我认为最好写一系列有关Kotest的文章，以及有关组织自动测试项目，构建，启动和相关技术的文章。

因此，您应该获得一个宽敞的指南-如何创建系统，甚至是生态系统，以使用Kotlin语言和Kotest平台自动执行功能测试。

缺点

立即，我们将确定全球不利因素，并考虑到该项目正在迅速发展。在撰写本文时，当前版本中的那些问题4.2.5已经可以在新发行版中解决。

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2020 KotlinTest, 4.0.0 , Idea Kotest, -.

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data driven
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Kotest DSL .

String Spec — unit- .

- - : Gherkin, , .

FreeSpec.

Kotest BDD , Gherkin (Cucumber).

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5 ( ) Kotest .

, :

— Execution ( Project)
— Spec

. cucumber — Feature
— Top Level Test

. cucumber — Scenario
— Nested Test

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: (), (), ().

cucumber — Step
— Nested Step

, @Step Allure. TestCase .

- ( ) — , , .

Kotest , 4 - - Nested Test — .

Review 1 — 4.

Gherkin (Scenario Template) — Data Driven.

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REST API .

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open class KotestFirstAutomatedTesting : FreeSpec() {

    private companion object {
        private val log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(KotestFirstAutomatedTesting::class.java)
    }

    init {
        "Scenario. Single case" - {
            val expectedCode = 200

            "Given server is up" { }

            "When request prepared and sent" { }

            "Then response received and has $expectedCode code" { }
        }
    }
}

Gherkin

-, , , (FreeSpec). .

, Kotlin DSL — type-safe builder, / / pre after / .

"Then response received and has $expectedCode code"

DSL

.

! !

FreeSpec, FreeSpecRootScope:

abstract class FreeSpec(body: FreeSpec.() -> Unit = {}) : DslDrivenSpec(), FreeSpecRootScope

FreeSpecRootScope String -:

infix operator fun String.minus(test: suspend FreeScope.() -> Unit) { }

"Scenario. Single case" - { } String.minus, FreeScope .

, Kotlin, - , .

FreeSpecRootScope String invoke

infix operator fun String.invoke(test: suspend TestContext.() -> Unit) { }

"string" { } TestContext.

init {
        "Scenario. Single case" - {

            //region Variables
            val expectedCode = 200
            val testEnvironment = Server()
            val tester = Client()
            //endregion

            "Given server is up" {
                testEnvironment.start()
            }

            "When request prepared and sent" {
                val request = Request()
                tester.send(request)
            }

            lateinit var response: Response
            "Then response received" {
                response = tester.receive()
            }

            "And has $expectedCode code" {
                response.code shouldBe expectedCode
            }
        }
    }

Idea
lateinit var response: Response, ,

Kotest Assertions Matchers

Kotest Assertions and Matchers.

testImplementation "io.kotest:kotest-assertions-core:$kotestVersion" Matcher-, SoftAssertion Assertion .

Matcher-, .

"And has $expectedCode code" {
    assertSoftly {
        response.asClue {
            it.code shouldBe expectedCode
            it.body.shouldNotBeBlank()
        }
    }
    val assertion = assertThrows<AssertionError> {
        assertSoftly {
            response.asClue {
                it.code shouldBe expectedCode + 10
                it.body.shouldBeBlank()
            }
        }
    }
    assertion.message shouldContain "The following 2 assertions failed"
    log.error("Expected assertion", assertion)
}

assertSoftly { code }

Soft Assert assertions Kotest — .
response.asClue { }

MUST HAVE . Scope kotlin asClue — response
Matchers

Matchers Kotest — , .

shouldBe — infix .

shouldBeBlank — infix (.. ) .
assertThrows<AssertionError>

Junit5

inline fun <reified T : Throwable> assertThrows(noinline executable: () -> Unit) — ,

pre / after

.

(4.3.5) io.kotest.core.spec.CallbackAliasesKt kotest-framework-api-jvm typealias:

typealias BeforeTest = suspend (TestCase) -> Unit
typealias AfterTest = suspend (Tuple2<TestCase, TestResult>) -> Unit
typealias BeforeEach = suspend (TestCase) -> Unit
typealias AfterEach = suspend (Tuple2<TestCase, TestResult>) -> Unit
typealias BeforeContainer = suspend (TestCase) -> Unit
typealias AfterContainer = suspend (Tuple2<TestCase, TestResult>) -> Unit
typealias BeforeAny = suspend (TestCase) -> Unit
typealias AfterAny = suspend (Tuple2<TestCase, TestResult>) -> Unit
typealias BeforeSpec = suspend (Spec) -> Unit
typealias AfterSpec = suspend (Spec) -> Unit
typealias AfterProject = () -> Unit
typealias PrepareSpec = suspend (KClass<out Spec>) -> Unit
typealias FinalizeSpec = suspend (Tuple2<KClass<out Spec>, Map<TestCase, TestResult>>) -> Unit
typealias TestCaseExtensionFn = suspend (Tuple2<TestCase, suspend (TestCase) -> TestResult>) -> TestResult
typealias AroundTestFn = suspend (Tuple2<TestCase, suspend (TestCase) -> TestResult>) -> TestResult
typealias AroundSpecFn = suspend (Tuple2<KClass<out Spec>, suspend () -> Unit>) -> Unit

2 , :

Listener
Extension

immutable ( after).

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Listener — , .

, , 2 :

TestListener
ProjectListener

callback :

Listener
Listener @AutoScan
— ,

callback — FreeSpec, :

 init {
        ///// ALL IN INVOCATION ORDER /////

        //// BEFORE ////
        beforeSpec { spec ->
            log.info("[BEFORE][1] beforeSpec '$spec'")
        }
        beforeContainer { onlyContainerTestType ->
            log.info("[BEFORE][2] beforeContainer onlyContainerTestType '$onlyContainerTestType'")
        }
        beforeEach { onlyTestCaseType ->
            log.info("[BEFORE][3] beforeEach onlyTestCaseType '$onlyTestCaseType'")
        }
        beforeAny { containerOrTestCaseType ->
            log.info("[BEFORE][4] beforeAny containerOrTestCaseType '$containerOrTestCaseType'")
        }
        beforeTest { anyTestCaseType ->
            log.info("[BEFORE][5] beforeTest anyTestCaseType '$anyTestCaseType'")
        }

        //// AFTER ////
        afterTest { anyTestCaseTypeWithResult ->
            log.info("[AFTER][1] afterTest anyTestCaseTypeWithResult '$anyTestCaseTypeWithResult'")
        }
        afterAny { containerOrTestCaseTypeAndResult ->
            log.info("[AFTER][2] afterAny containerOrTestCaseTypeAndResult '$containerOrTestCaseTypeAndResult'")
        }
        afterEach { onlyTestCaseTypeAndResult ->
            log.info("[AFTER][3] afterEach onlyTestCaseTypeAndResult '$onlyTestCaseTypeAndResult'")
        }
        afterContainer { onlyContainerTestTypeAndResult ->
            log.info("[AFTER][4] afterContainer onlyContainerTestTypeAndResult '$onlyContainerTestTypeAndResult'")
        }
        afterSpec { specWithoutResult ->
            log.info("[AFTER][5] afterSpec specWithoutResult '$specWithoutResult'")
        }

        //// AT THE END ////
        finalizeSpec {specWithAllResults ->
            log.info("[FINALIZE][LAST] finalizeSpec specWithAllResults '$specWithAllResults'")
        }

        "Scenario" - { }
}

before

beforeSpec

FreeSpec , — Spec
beforeContainer

TestType.Container, — TestCase
beforeEach

() TestType.Test, — TestCase ( )
beforeAny

TestType.Container TestType.Test, — TestCase
beforeTest

TestCase , TestType .

beforeAny. ( TestType) ( TestType)

after

afterTest

beforeTest .

— TestCase + TestResult
afterAny

beforeAny .

— TestCase + TestResult
afterEach

beforeEach .

— TestCase + TestResult
afterContainer

beforeContainer .

— TestCase + TestResult
afterSpec

beforeSpec .

— Spec

finalizeSpec

.

— KClass<out Spec> + Map<TestCase, TestResult>

Kotest callback .

:

beforeAll
afterAll

ProjectListener , AbstractProjectConfig Project.

AbstractProjectConfig — :

object ProjectConfig : AbstractProjectConfig() {
    private val log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ProjectConfig::class.java)

    override fun beforeAll() {
        log.info("[BEFORE PROJECT] beforeAll")
    }

    override fun afterAll() {
        log.info("[AFTER PROJECT] afterAll")
    }
}

Data Driven Test

io.kotest.data Data Driven Testing

c Data Provider-:

init {
        "Scenario. Single case" - {

            val testEnvironment = Server()
            val tester = Client()

            "Given server is up. Will execute only one time" {
                testEnvironment.start()
            }

            forAll(
                    row(1, UUID.randomUUID().toString()),
                    row(2, UUID.randomUUID().toString())
            ) { index, uuid ->

                "When request prepared and sent [$index]" {
                    tester.send(Request(uuid))
                }

                "Then response received [$index]" {
                    tester.receive().code shouldBe 200
                }
            }
        }
    }

, ()

, — .
Given server is up , — .
forAll. Row , .
row .

io.kotest.data.rows.kt 22 - .

, Property Based Testing ( )

forAll(
row(1, UUID.randomUUID().toString()),
row(2, UUID.randomUUID().toString())
) { index, uuid -> block }

2 .

2 . , 2 .

— .

[$index].

uuid — .

-, qa-kotest-articles/kotest-first.

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Idea .

Data Driven .

Groovy Spoke, Kotlin.

kotest.io — 4.2.0 readme.md github.

, 'Kotlin. ':

Kotest. , , , , Property Based Testing
Spring Test. Kotest. .
期望等候。进行API测试的改造。通过Spring Data Jpa使用DB。
摇篮。许多自动测试项目的可扩展和分布式结构。
环境管理。TestContainers，gradle撰写插件，kubernetes java api + helm

科特林 测试自动化（第1部分）。Kotest：开始

缺点