在本文中，我们将研究Terraform的组成，并逐步通过VMware在云中启动我们自己的基础架构-我们将准备用于不同目的的三个VM：代理，文件存储和CMS。
一切都分为三个阶段：
1. Terraform — ,
Terraform — IaC (Infrastructure-as-Code) .
:
( ). , , "" . Terraform (, ) .
. , , .
. Amazon Google Cloud, VMware vCloud Director, IaaS, SaaS PaaS .
, , .
- . , , ,
"" Terraform
,
Providers ().
Terraform . API providers , , , Azure VMware vCloud Director.
.
Resources ( ).
, .
VMware vCloud Director -, vCloud Director. -
Provisioners.
. , , provisioners SSH, , .
Input Output.
Input — .
Output , , Provisioners.
States ().
States- . Terraform .
, , .
terraform.tfstate, .
, , Terraform.
2.
, Terraform . - nginx, Nextcloud CMS Bitrix.
VMware vCloud Director. Organization Administrator, VMware, . !
, .
mkdir project01
. Terraform . , , network.tf - .
, :
.
main.tf - - , ;
network.tf - NAT, Firewall;
variables.tf - , ;
vcd.tfvars - VMware vCloud Director.
Terraform , provisioner, .. .
.
<BLOCK TYPE> "<BLOCK LABEL>" "<BLOCK LABEL>" {
# Block body
<IDENTIFIER> = <EXPRESSION> # Argument
}
HCL (HashiCorp Configuration Language), JSON. .
, variables.tf vcd.tfvars
, VMware vCloud Director. variables.tf.
C variables.tf.
variable "vcd_org_user" {
description = "vCD Tenant User"
}
variable "vcd_org_password" {
description = "vCD Tenant Password"
}
variable "vcd_org" {
description = "vCD Tenant Org"
}
variable "vcd_org_vdc" {
description = "vCD Tenant VDC"
}
variable "vcd_org_url" {
description = "vCD Tenant URL"
}
variable "vcd_org_max_retry_timeout" {
default = "60"
}
variable "vcd_org_allow_unverified_ssl" {
default = "true"
}
variable "vcd_org_edge_name" {
description = "vCD edge name"
}
variable "vcd_org_catalog" {
description = "vCD public catalog"
}
variable "vcd_template_os_centos7" {
description = "OS CentOS 7"
default = "CentOS7"
}
variable "vcd_org_ssd_sp" {
description = "Storage Policies"
default = "Gold Storage Policy"
}
variable "vcd_org_hdd_sp" {
description = "Storage Policies"
default = "Bronze Storage Policy"
}
variable "vcd_edge_local_subnet" {
description = "Organization Network Subnet"
}
variable "vcd_edge_external_ip" {
description = "External public IP"
}
variable "vcd_edge_local_ip_nginx" {}
variable "vcd_edge_local_ip_bitrix" {}
variable "vcd_edge_local_ip_nextcloud" {}
variable "vcd_edge_external_network" {}
, .
vcd_org_user - Organization Administrator,
vcd_org_password - ,
vcd_org - ,
vcd_org_vdc - -,
vcd_org_url - API URL,
vcd_org_edge_name - ,
vcd_org_catalog - ,
vcd_edge_external_ip - IP-,
vcd_edge_external_network - ,
vcd_org_hdd_sp - HDD,
vcd_org_ssd_sp - SSD.
:
vcd_edge_local_ip_nginx - IP- NGINX,
vcd_edge_local_ip_bitrix - IP- 1: ,
vcd_edge_local_ip_nextcloud - IP- Nextcloud.
VMware vCloud Director vcd.tfvars: , mClouds, .
vcd.tfvars.
vcd_org_url = "https://vcloud.mclouds.ru/api"
vcd_org_user = "orgadmin"
vcd_org_password = "*"
vcd = "org"
vcd_org_vdc = "orgvdc"
vcd_org_maxretry_timeout = 60
vcd_org_allow_unverified_ssl = true
vcd_org_catalog = "Templates"
vcd_templateos_centos7 = "CentOS7"
vcd_org_ssd_sp = "Gold Storage Policy"
vcd_org_hdd_sp = "Bronze Storage Policy"
vcd_org_edge_name = "MCLOUDS-EDGE"
vcd_edge_external_ip = "185.17.66.1"
vcd_edge_local_subnet = "192.168.110.0/24"
vcd_edge_local_ip_nginx = "192.168.110.1"
vcd_edge_local_ip_bitrix = "192.168.110.10"
vcd_edge_local_ip_nextcloud = "192.168.110.11"
vcd_edge_external_network = "NET-185-17-66-0"
, network.tf.
, — IP- Destination NAT "" . IP-.
net_lan01, : 192.168.110.254, : 192.168.110.0/24.
.
resource "vcd_network_routed" "net" {
name = "net_lan01"
edge_gateway = var.vcd_org_edge_name
gateway = "192.168.110.254"
dns1 = "1.1.1.1"
dns2 = "8.8.8.8"
static_ip_pool {
start_address = "192.168.110.1"
end_address = "192.168.110.253"
}
}
, . :
VM .
resource "vcd_nsxv_firewall_rule" "fw_internet_access" {
edge_gateway = var.vcdorgedgename
name = "Internet Access"
source {
gateway_interfaces = ["internal"]
}
destination {
gateway_interfaces = ["external"]
}
service {
protocol = "any"
}
depends_on = [vcdnetworkrouted.net]
}
, vcdnetworkrouted.net vcdnsxvfirewallrule, dependson. , .
IP- SSH . 80 443 - IP- 90.1.15.1 SSH .
.
resource "vcd_nsxv_firewall_rule" "fwnatports" {
edge_gateway = var.vcd_org_edge_name
name = "HTTPs Access"
source {
gateway_interfaces = ["external"]
}
destination {
gateway_interfaces = ["internal"]
}
service {
protocol = "tcp"
port = "80"
}
service {
protocol = "tcp"
port = "443"
}
depends_on = [vcd_network_routed.net]
}
resource "vcd_nsxv_firewall_rule" "fw_nat_admin_ports" {
edge_gateway = var.vcd_org_edge_name
name = "Admin Access"
source {
ip_addresses = [ "90.1.15.1" ]
}
destination {
gateway_interfaces = ["internal"]
}
service {
protocol = "tcp"
port = "58301"
}
service {
protocol = "tcp"
port = "58302"
}
service {
protocol = "tcp"
port = "58303"
}
depends_on = [vcd_network_routed.net]
}
Source NAT :
Source NAT.
resource "vcd_nsxv_snat" "snat_local" {
edge_gateway = var.vcd_org_edge_name
network_type = "ext"
network_name = var.vcdedgeexternalnetwork
original_address = var.vcd_edge_local_subnet
translated_address = var.vcd_edge_external_ip
depends_on = [vcd_network_routed.net]
}
Destination NAT :
Destination NAT.
resource "vcd_nsxv_dnat" "dnat_tcp_nginx_https" {
edge_gateway = var.vcd_org_edge_name
network_name = var.vcd_edge_external_network
network_type = "ext"
description = "NGINX HTTPs"
original_address = var.vcd_edge_external_ip
original_port = 443
translated_address = var.vcd_edge_local_ip_nginx
translated_port = 443
protocol = "tcp"
depends_on = [vcd_network_routed.net]
}
resource "vcd_nsxv_dnat" "dnat_tcp_nginx_http" {
edge_gateway = var.vcd_org_edge_name
network_name = var.vcd_edge_external_network
network_type = "ext"
description = "NGINX HTTP"
original_address = var.vcd_edge_external_ip
original_port = 80
translated_address = var.vcd_edge_local_ip_nginx
translated_port = 80
protocol = "tcp"
depends_on = [vcd_network_routed.net]
}
NAT SSH- Nginx.
resource "vcd_nsxv_dnat" "dnat_tcp-nginx_ssh" {
edge_gateway = var.vcd_org_edge_name
network_name = var.vcd_edge_external_network
network_type = "ext"
description = "SSH NGINX"
original_address = var.vcd_edge_external_ip
original_port = 58301
translated_address = var.vcd_edge_local_ip_nginx
translated_port = 22
protocol = "tcp"
depends_on = [vcd_network_routed.net]
}
NAT SSH- 1-.
resource "vcd_nsxv_dnat" "dnat_tcp_bitrix_ssh" {
edge_gateway = var.vcd_org_edge_name
network_name = var.vcd_edge_external_network
network_type = "ext"
description = "SSH Bitrix"
original_address = var.vcd_edge_external_ip
original_port = 58302
translated_address = var.vcd_edge_local_ip_bitrix
translated_port = 22
protocol = "tcp"
depends_on = [vcd_network_routed.net]
}
NAT SSH- Nextcloud.
resource "vcd_nsxv_dnat" "dnat_tcp_nextcloud_ssh" {
edge_gateway = var.vcd_org_edge_name
network_name = var.vcd_edge_external_network
network_type = "ext"
description = "SSH Nextcloud"
original_address = var.vcd_edge_external_ip
original_port = 58303 translated_address = var.vcd_edge_local_ip_nextcloud
translated_port = 22
protocol = "tcp"
depends_on = [vcd_network_routed.net]
}
main.tf
, . "Guest Customization". , .
vApp .
vApp. vApp depends_on:
resource "vcd_vapp" "vapp" {
name = "web"
power_on = "true" depends_on = [vcd_network_routed.net]
}
resource "vcd_vapp_vm" "nginx" {
vapp_name = vcd_vapp.vapp.name
name = "nginx"
catalog_name = var.vcd_org_catalog
template_name = var.vcd_template_os_centos7
storage_profile = var.vcd_org_ssd_sp
memory = 8192
cpus = 1
cpu_cores = 1
network {
type = "org"
name = vcd_network_routed.net.name
is_primary = true
adapter_type = "VMXNET3"
ip_allocation_mode = "MANUAL"
ip = var.vcd_edge_local_ip_nginx
}
override_template_disk {
bus_type = "paravirtual"
size_in_mb = "32768"
bus_number = 0
unit_number = 0
storage_profile = var.vcd_org_ssd_sp
}
}
VM:
name - ,
vappname - vApp ,
catalogname / templatename - ,
storageprofile - .
network:
type - ,
name - ,
isprimary - ,
ipallocation_mode - MANUAL / DHCP / POOL,
ip - IP- , .
override_template_disk:
sizeinmb - boot-
storage_profile -
VM Nextcloud
resource "vcd_vapp_vm" "nextcloud" {
vapp_name = vcd_vapp.vapp.name
name = "nextcloud"
catalog_name = var.vcd_org_catalog
template_name = var.vcd_template_os_centos7
storage_profile = var.vcd_org_ssd_sp
memory = 8192
cpus = 1
cpu_cores = 1
network {
type = "org"
name = vcd_network_routed.net.name
is_primary = true
adapter_type = "VMXNET3"
ip_allocation_mode = "MANUAL"
ip = var.vcd_edge_local_ip_nextcloud
}
override_template_disk {
bus_type = "paravirtual"
size_in_mb = "32768"
bus_number = 0
unit_number = 0
storage_profile = var.vcd_org_ssd_sp
}
}
resource "vcd_vm_internal_disk" "disk1" {
vapp_name = vcd_vapp.vapp.name
vm_name = "nextcloud"
bus_type = "paravirtual"
size_in_mb = "102400"
bus_number = 0
unit_number = 1
storage_profile = var.vcd_org_hdd_sp
allow_vm_reboot = true
depends_on = [ vcd_vapp_vm.nextcloud ]
}
vcdvminternal_disk , .
vcdvminternaldisk:
bustype -
sizeinmb -
busnumber / unitnumber -
storage_profile -
VM
resource "vcd_vapp_vm" "bitrix" {
vapp_name = vcd_vapp.vapp.name
name = "bitrix"
catalog_name = var.vcd_org_catalog
template_name = var.vcd_template_os_centos7
storage_profile = var.vcd_org_ssd_sp
memory = 8192
cpus = 1
cpu_cores = 1
network {
type = "org"
name = vcd_network_routed.net.name
is_primary = true
adapter_type = "VMXNET3"
ip_allocation_mode = "MANUAL"
ip = var.vcd_edge_local_ip_bitrix
}
override_template_disk {
bus_type = "paravirtual"
size_in_mb = "81920"
bus_number = 0
unit_number = 0
storage_profile = var.vcd_org_ssd_sp
}
}
, . provisioners Ansible.
CMS Bitrix provisioner .
CentOS.
resource "null_resource" "nginx_update_install" {
provisioner "remote-exec" {
connection {
type = "ssh"
user = "root"
password = vcd_vapp_vm.nginx.customization[0].admin_password
host = var.vcd_edge_external_ip
port = "58301"
timeout = "30s"
}
inline = [
"yum -y update && yum -y upgrade",
"yum -y install wget nano epel-release net-tools unzip zip" ]
}
}
}
:
provisioner "remote-exec" - ""
connection :
type - , SSH;
user - ;
password - . vcdvappvm.nginx.customization[0].admin_password, .
host - IP- ;
port - , DNAT;
inline - , . , .
, 1-. . , :
1-.
provisioner "file" {
source = "prepare.sh"
destination = "/tmp/prepare.sh"
connection {
type = "ssh"
user = "root"
password = vcd_vapp_vm.nginx.customization[0].admin_password
host = var.vcd_edge_external_ip
port = "58301"
timeout = "30s"
}
}
provisioner "remote-exec" {
inline = [
"chmod +x /tmp/prepare.sh", "./tmp/prepare.sh"
]
}
.
1-.
resource "null_resource" "install_update_bitrix" {
provisioner "remote-exec" {
connection {
type = "ssh"
user = "root"
password = vcd_vapp_vm.bitrix.customization[0].admin_password
host = var.vcd_edge_external_ip
port = "58302"
timeout = "60s"
}
inline = [
"yum -y update && yum -y upgrade",
"yum -y install wget nano epel-release net-tools unzip zip",
"wget http://repos.1c-bitrix.ru/yum/bitrix-env.sh -O /tmp/bitrix-env.sh",
"chmod +x /tmp/bitrix-env.sh",
"/tmp/bitrix-env.sh"
]
}
}
! , SELinux! CMS 1- bitrix-env.sh, .
3.
“ ”: Windows 10 terraform.io. : terraform.exe init
, , , .
- terraform plan -var-file=vcd.tfvars.- Plan: 16 to add, 0 to change, 0 to destroy.16 .- terraform.exe apply -var-file=vcd.tfvars.
, provisioner — CMS Bitrix.
, output :
output "nginxpassword" {
value = vcdvappvm.nginx.customization[0].adminpassword
}
:
Outputs: nginx_password = F#4u8!!N
. !
?
3.1. Terraform
, vApp import.
vAPP .
resource "vcd_vapp" "Monitoring" {
name = "Monitoring"
org = "mClouds"
vdc = "mClouds"
}
resource "vcd_vapp_vm" "Zabbix" {
name = "Zabbix"
org = "mClouds"
vdc = "mClouds"
vapp = "Monitoring"
}
, vApp vcdvapp.<vApp> <org>.<orgvdc>.<vApp>, :
vApp - vApp;
org - ;
org_vdc - -.
VM : vcdvappvm.<VM> <org>.<orgvdc>.<vApp>.<VM>, :
VM - VM;
vApp - vApp;
org - ;
orgvdc - -.
C:\Users\Mikhail\Desktop\terraform>terraform import vcd_vapp_vm.Zabbix mClouds.mClouds.Monitoring.Zabbix
vcd_vapp_vm.Zabbix: Importing from ID "mClouds.mClouds.Monitoring.Zabbix"...
vcd_vapp_vm.Zabbix: Import prepared!
Prepared vcd_vapp_vm for import
vcd_vapp_vm.Zabbix: Refreshing state... [id=urn:vcloud:vm:778f4a89-1c8d-45b9-9d94-0472a71c4d1f]
Import successful!
The resources that were imported are shown above. These resources are now in
your Terraform state and will henceforth be managed by Terraform.
:
> terraform show
...
# vcd_vapp.Monitoring:
resource "vcd_vapp" "Monitoring" {
guest_properties = {}
href = "https://vcloud.mclouds.ru/api/vApp/vapp-fe5db285-a4af-47c4-93e8-55df92f006ec"
id = "urn:vcloud:vapp:fe5db285-a4af-47c4-93e8-55df92f006ec"
ip = "allocated"
metadata = {}
name = "Monitoring"
org = "mClouds"
status = 4
status_text = "POWERED_ON"
vdc = "mClouds"
}
…
# vcd_vapp_vm.Zabbix:
resource "vcd_vapp_vm" "Zabbix" {
computer_name = "Zabbix"
cpu_cores = 1
cpus = 2
expose_hardware_virtualization = false
guest_properties = {}
hardware_version = "vmx-14"
href = "https://vcloud.mclouds.ru/api/vApp/vm-778f4a89-1c8d-45b9-9d94-0472a71c4d1f"
id = "urn:vcloud:vm:778f4a89-1c8d-45b9-9d94-0472a71c4d1f"
internal_disk = [
{
bus_number = 0
bus_type = "paravirtual"
disk_id = "2000"
iops = 0
size_in_mb = 122880
storage_profile = "Gold Storage Policy"
thin_provisioned = true
unit_number = 0
},
]
memory = 8192
metadata = {}
name = "Zabbix"
org = "mClouds"
os_type = "centos8_64Guest"
storage_profile = "Gold Storage Policy"
vapp_name = "Monitoring"
vdc = "mClouds"
customization {
allow_local_admin_password = true
auto_generate_password = true
change_sid = false
enabled = false
force = false
join_domain = false
join_org_domain = false
must_change_password_on_first_login = false
number_of_auto_logons = 0
}
network {
adapter_type = "VMXNET3"
ip_allocation_mode = "DHCP"
is_primary = true
mac = "00:50:56:07:01:b1"
name = "MCLOUDS-LAN01"
type = "org"
}
}
- ( ) Terraform.
, .
, , , . , .