如果您已经阅读了本系列的前三篇文章，那么您已经知道如何使用键盘编写完整的电报机器人。

在本文中，我们将学习如何编写能够保持一致对话的机器人。那些。机器人会问您问题并等待您输入任何信息。机器人将根据您输入的数据执行一些操作。

同样在本文中，我们将学习如何在机器人的控制下使用数据库，在我们的示例中将是SQLite，但是您可以使用任何其他DBMS。我更详细地写在R语言数据库交互这篇文章。

该系列的所有文章“用R语言编写电报机器人”

1. 我们创建一个机器人并使用它发送消息到电报
2. 向机器人添加命令支持和消息过滤器
3. 如何为您的机器人增加键盘支持
4. 与机器人建立一致，逻辑的对话
5. Bot用户权限管理

内容

telegram youtube . R.

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:

1. start — ,
2. wait_name — ,
3. wait_age — , , .

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• bot.R —
• db_bot_function.R —
• bot_methods.R —
• message_filters.R —
• handlers.R —
• config.cfg —
• create_db_data.sql — SQL
• create_db_state.sql — SQL
• bot.db —

, GitHub.

ini , :

[bot_settings]
bot_token=__

[db_settings]
db_path=C://///bot.db

, , .. bot.db, .

, ini , JSON.

, , TG_BOT_PATH.

, — .Renviron.

, file.edit(path.expand(file.path("~", ".Renviron"))). :

TG_BOT_PATH=C:////

.Renviron RStudio.

— . 2 :

• chat_data —
• chat_state —

SQL :

CREATE TABLE chat_data (
    chat_id BIGINT  PRIMARY KEY
                    UNIQUE,
    name    TEXT,
    age     INTEGER
);

CREATE TABLE chat_state (
    chat_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY
                   UNIQUE,
    state   TEXT
);

GitHub, R.

#    
library(DBI)     #     
library(configr) #  
library(readr)   #   SQL 
library(RSQLite) #     SQLite

#  
setwd(Sys.getenv('TG_BOT_PATH'))

#  
cfg <- read.config('config.cfg')

#   SQLite
con <- dbConnect(SQLite(), cfg$db_settings$db_path)

#    
dbExecute(con, statement = read_file('create_db_data.sql'))
dbExecute(con, statement = read_file('create_db_state.sql'))

. .

GitHub, db_bot_function.R.

# ###########################################################
# Function for work bot with database

#    
get_state <- function(chat_id) {

  con <- dbConnect(SQLite(), cfg$db_settings$db_path)

  chat_state <- dbGetQuery(con, str_interp("SELECT state FROM chat_state WHERE chat_id == ${chat_id}"))$state

  return(unlist(chat_state))

  dbDisconnect(con)
}

#    
set_state <- function(chat_id, state) {

  con <- dbConnect(SQLite(), cfg$db_settings$db_path)

  # upsert  
  dbExecute(con, 
            str_interp("
            INSERT INTO chat_state (chat_id, state)
                VALUES(${chat_id}, '${state}') 
                ON CONFLICT(chat_id) 
                DO UPDATE SET state='${state}';
            ")
  )

  dbDisconnect(con)

}

#     
set_chat_data <- function(chat_id, field, value) {

  con <- dbConnect(SQLite(), cfg$db_settings$db_path)

  # upsert  
  dbExecute(con, 
            str_interp("
            INSERT INTO chat_data (chat_id, ${field})
                VALUES(${chat_id}, '${value}') 
                ON CONFLICT(chat_id) 
                DO UPDATE SET ${field}='${value}';
            ")
  )

  dbDisconnect(con)

}

# read chat data
get_chat_data <- function(chat_id, field) {

  con <- dbConnect(SQLite(), cfg$db_settings$db_path)

  # upsert  
  data <- dbGetQuery(con, 
                     str_interp("
            SELECT ${field}
            FROM chat_data
            WHERE chat_id = ${chat_id};
            ")
  )

  dbDisconnect(con)

  return(data[[field]])

}

4 :

• get_state() —
• set_state() —
• get_chat_data() —
• set_chat_data() —

, dbGetQuery(), UPSERT ( ), dbExecute().

UPSERT :

INSERT INTO chat_data (chat_id, ${field})
VALUES(${chat_id}, '${value}') 
ON CONFLICT(chat_id) 
DO UPDATE SET ${field}='${value}';

.. chat_id . , , .

.

. GitHub, bot_methods.R.

# ###########################################################
# bot methods

# start dialog
start <- function(bot, update) {

  # 

  # Send query
  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id, 
                  text = "  ")

  #        
  set_state(chat_id = update$message$chat_id, state = 'wait_name')

}

# get current chat state
state <- function(bot, update) {

  chat_state <- get_state(update$message$chat_id)

  # Send state
  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id, 
                  text = unlist(chat_state))

}

# reset dialog state
reset <- function(bot, update) {

  set_state(chat_id = update$message$chat_id, state = 'start')

}

# enter username
enter_name <- function(bot, update) {

  uname <- update$message$text

  # Send message with name
  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id, 
                  text = paste0(uname, ",  ,  !"))

  #     
  #username <<- uname
  set_chat_data(update$message$chat_id, 'name', uname) 

  #  
  bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id, 
                  text = "  ?")

  #      
  set_state(chat_id = update$message$chat_id, state = 'wait_age')

}

# enter user age
enter_age <- function(bot, update) {

  uage <- as.numeric(update$message$text)

  #      
  if ( is.na(uage) ) {

    #       
    bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id, 
                    text = "   ,  ")

  } else {

    #       
    bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id, 
                    text = ",  ")

    #     
    #userage <<- uage
    set_chat_data(update$message$chat_id, 'age', uage) 

    #     
    username <- get_chat_data(update$message$chat_id, 'name')
    userage  <- get_chat_data(update$message$chat_id, 'age')

    bot$sendMessage(update$message$chat_id, 
                    text = paste0("  ", username, "   ", userage, " .  "))

    #     
    set_state(chat_id = update$message$chat_id, state = 'start')
  }

}

5 :

• start —
• state —
• reset —
• enter_name —
• enter_age —

start , wait_name, .. .

, enter_name, , , wait_age.

. , , - : , , . , , , , , .. start.

state , reset .

. , .

GitHub message_filters.R.

:

# ###########################################################
# message state filters

#      
MessageFilters$wait_name <- BaseFilter(function(message) {
  get_state( message$chat_id )  == "wait_name"
}
)

#      
MessageFilters$wait_age <- BaseFilter(function(message) {
  get_state( message$chat_id )   == "wait_age"
}
)

get_state(), , . 1 , id .

wait_name wait_name, wait_age wait_age.

handlers.R, :

# ###########################################################
# handlers

# command handlers
start_h <- CommandHandler('start', start)
state_h <- CommandHandler('state', state)
reset_h <- CommandHandler('reset', reset)

# message handlers
## !MessageFilters$command -       , 
##   
wait_age_h  <- MessageHandler(enter_age,  MessageFilters$wait_age  & !MessageFilters$command)
wait_name_h <- MessageHandler(enter_name, MessageFilters$wait_name & !MessageFilters$command)

, , , .

2 , !MessageFilters$command, , .

, bot.R.

library(telegram.bot)
library(tidyverse)
library(RSQLite)
library(DBI)
library(configr)

#    
setwd(Sys.getenv('TG_BOT_PATH'))

#  
cfg <- read.config('config.cfg')

#   
updater <- Updater(cfg$bot_settings$bot_token)

#   
source('db_bot_function.R') #     
source('bot_methods.R')     #  
source('message_filters.R') #  
source('handlers.R') #  

#    
updater <- updater +
  start_h +
  wait_age_h +
  wait_name_h +
  state_h +
  reset_h

#  
updater$start_polling()

, :

/state , /reset .

, .

在这种情况下，我们考虑了最原始的示例，以使您更容易理解构建此类机器人的想法，实际上您可以构建更复杂的对话。

在本系列的下一篇文章中，我们将学习如何限制bot用户使用各种方法的权利。