在Android上,片段之间的数据传输可以通过不同的方式完成:使用ViewModel或Fragments API通过父Activity进行传输。Fragment Target API最近已收到不推荐使用的状态,Google建议改为使用Fragment结果API。
什么是片段结果API?这是Google的新工具,可让您使用密钥在片段之间传输数据。为此,使用FragmentManager,后者又实现FragmentResultOwner接口。FragmentResultOwner充当我们在片段之间传递的数据的中央存储库。
怎么运行的?
如上所述,我们的FragmentManager实现了FragmentResultOwner接口,该接口存储了ConcurrentHashMap<String, Bundle>
。该HashMap通过字符串键存储我们的Bundles。一旦一个片段被签名(或已经签名),它就会收到相同密钥的结果。
重要的是要知道:
- -
setResultFragmentListener()
,setFragmentResult()
, - “Key + Result (Bundle)“ 1
-
STARTED
-
DESTROYED
ResultListener
?
:
FragmentManager.setFragmentResult(key: String, bundle: Bundle)
, Bundle. Bundle .
Kotlin
button.setOnClickListener {
val result = "result"
// Kotlin fragment-ktx
setFragmentResult("requestKey", bundleOf("bundleKey" to result))
}
Java
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
Bundle result = new Bundle();
result.putString("bundleKey", "result");
getParentFragmentManager().setFragmentResult("requestKey", result);
}
});
FragmentManager FragmentResultListener . FragmentManager.setFragmentResult()
Kotlin
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
// Kotlin
setFragmentResultListener("requestKey") { key, bundle ->
// , Bundle-
val result = bundle.getString("bundleKey")
}
}
Java
@Override
public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
getParentFragmentManager().setFragmentResultListener("key", this, new FragmentResultListener() {
@Override
public void onFragmentResult(@NonNull String key, @NonNull Bundle bundle) {
String result = bundle.getString("bundleKey");
}
});
}
2 : key: String bundle: Bundle.
— , . — Bundle, .
Parent Fragment Manger
FragmentManager- :
- FragmentManager ( Activity), FragmentManager, Activity
- , childFragmentManager ( )
, FragmentResultListener FragmentManager-.
/ FragmentResultListener, FragmentScenario API, .
, FragmentManager? , FragmentResultListener :
@Test
fun testFragmentResult() {
val scenario = launchFragmentInContainer<ResultFragment>()
lateinit var actualResult: String?
scenario.onFragment { fragment ->
fragment.parentFragmentManagager.setResultListener("requestKey") { key, bundle ->
actualResult = bundle.getString("bundleKey")
}
}
onView(withId(R.id.result_button)).perform(click())
assertThat(actualResult).isEqualTo("result")
}
class ResultFragment : Fragment(R.layout.fragment_result) {
override fun onViewCreated(view: View, savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
view.findViewById(R.id.result_button).setOnClickListener {
val result = "result"
setResult("requestKey", bundleOf("bundleKey" to result))
}
}
}
, FragmentManager. FragmentResultListener .
@Test
fun testFragmentResultListener() {
val scenario = launchFragmentInContainer<ResultListenerFragment>()
scenario.onFragment { fragment ->
val expectedResult = "result"
fragment.parentFragmentManagager.setResult("requestKey", bundleOf("bundleKey" to expectedResult))
assertThat(fragment.result).isEqualTo(expectedResult)
}
}
class ResultListenerFragment : Fragment() {
var result : String? = null
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setResultListener("requestKey") { key, bundle ->
result = bundle.getString("bundleKey")
}
}
}
FragmentResultListener , Google. , , , . , , , , .
为了能够使用FragmentResultListener,我们需要在依赖项中包含片段1.3.0-alpha04或更高版本的版本:
- Java版本:androidx.fragment:片段:1.3.0-alpha04
- Kotlin版本:androidx.fragment:片段-ktx:1.3.0-alpha04
- 测试:androidx.fragment:片段测试:1.3.0-alpha04