🗺️ 🤲🏿 🚶🏿 从头开始为ARM创建Ubuntu映像 👩🏻‍⚖️ 🍛 💆🏾

当开发才刚刚开始时，通常尚不清楚哪些软件包将进入目标rootfs。

换句话说，现在获取LFS，buildroot或yocto（或其他东西）为时尚早，但是您需要开始。对于富人（我在试用样本上有4GB eMMC），有一种方法可以分发给开发人员一个分发工具包，使他们可以快速交付目前缺少的东西，然后我们可以始终收集软件包列表并为目标rootfs形成列表。

本文不是新文章，而是简单的复制粘贴说明。

本文的目的是为ARM板构建Ubuntu rootfs（在我的情况下，基于Colibri imx7d）。

组装图像

构建用于复制的目标rootfs。

解压Ubuntu Base

我们根据需要和自己的喜好自行选择发布。在这里，我给了20。

$ mkdir ubuntu20
$ cd ubuntu20
$ mkdir rootfs
$ wget http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-base/releases/20.04/release/ubuntu-base-20.04-base-armhf.tar.gz
$ tar xf ubuntu-base-20.04-base-armhf.tar.gz -C rootfs

检查内核BINFMT支持

如果您有一个广泛的分发工具包，那么BINFMT_MISC支持就在那里，并且一切都已配置，如果没有，那么我确定您知道如何在内核中启用BINFMT支持。

确保在内核中启用了BINFMT_MISC：

$ zcat /proc/config.gz | grep BINFMT
CONFIG_BINFMT_ELF=y
CONFIG_COMPAT_BINFMT_ELF=y
CONFIG_BINFMT_SCRIPT=y
CONFIG_BINFMT_MISC=y

现在，您需要检查设置：

$ ls /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
qemu-arm  register  status
$ cat /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-arm
enabled
interpreter /usr/bin/qemu-arm
flags: OC
offset 0
magic 7f454c4601010100000000000000000002002800
mask ffffffffffffff00fffffffffffffffffeffffff

您可以使用此指令进行手动注册。

Qemu静态手臂设置

现在我们需要一个静态编译的qemu实例。

!!! !!!

, :

https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=23960

https://bugs.launchpad.net/qemu/+bug/1805913

x86_64 host arm guest i386 qemu:

http://ftp.ru.debian.org/debian/pool/main/q/qemu/qemu-user-static_5.0-13_i386.deb

$ wget http://ftp.debian.org/debian/pool/main/q/qemu/qemu-user-static_5.0-13_amd64.deb
$ alient -t qemu-user-static_5.0-13_amd64.deb
#   rootfs        /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-arm
$ mkdir qemu
$ tar xf qemu-user-static-5.0.tgz -C qemu
$ file qemu/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static
qemu/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (GNU/Linux), statically linked, BuildID[sha1]=be45f9a321cccc5c139cc1991a4042907f9673b6, for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, stripped
$ cp qemu/usr/bin/qemu-arm-static rootfs/usr/bin/qemu-arm
$ file rootfs/usr/bin/qemu-arm
rootfs/usr/bin/qemu-arm: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (GNU/Linux), statically linked, BuildID[sha1]=be45f9a321cccc5c139cc1991a4042907f9673b6, for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, stripped

Chroot

ch-mount.sh

#!/bin/bash

function mnt() {
    echo "MOUNTING"
    sudo mount -t proc /proc ${2}proc
    sudo mount --rbind /sys ${2}sys
    sudo mount --make-rslave ${2}sys
    sudo mount --rbind /dev ${2}dev
    sudo mount --make-rslave ${2}dev
    sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts ${2}dev/pts
    sudo chroot ${2}
}

function umnt() {
    echo "UNMOUNTING"
    sudo umount ${2}proc
    sudo umount ${2}sys
    sudo umount ${2}dev/pts
    sudo umount ${2}dev

}

if [ "$1" == "-m" ] && [ -n "$2" ] ;
then
    mnt $1 $2
elif [ "$1" == "-u" ] && [ -n "$2" ];
then
    umnt $1 $2
else
    echo ""
    echo "Either 1'st, 2'nd or both parameters were missing"
    echo ""
    echo "1'st parameter can be one of these: -m(mount) OR -u(umount)"
    echo "2'nd parameter is the full path of rootfs directory(with trailing '/')"
    echo ""
    echo "For example: ch-mount -m /media/sdcard/"
    echo ""
    echo 1st parameter : ${1}
    echo 2nd parameter : ${2}
fi

$ ./ch-mount.sh -m rootfs/
# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 20.04 LTS"
VERSION_ID="20.04"
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
VERSION_CODENAME=focal
UBUNTU_CODENAME=focal
# uname -a
Linux NShubin 5.5.9-gentoo-x86_64 #1 SMP PREEMPT Mon Mar 16 14:34:52 MSK 2020 armv7l armv7l armv7l GNU/Linux

( ) :

# du -d 0 -h / 2>/dev/null
63M     /

# apt update
# apt upgrade --yes

# SYSTEMD_IGNORE_CHROOT=yes apt install --yes autoconf kmod socat ifupdown ethtool iputils-ping net-tools ssh g++ iproute2 dhcpcd5 incron ser2net udev systemd gcc minicom vim cmake make mtd-utils util-linux git strace gdb libiio-dev iiod

, , . , , , device tree Ubuntu . , .

- , .

# apt install --yes linux-headers-generic

, :

# apt clean
# du -d 0 -h / 2>/dev/null
770M    /

$ sudo tar -C rootfs --transform "s|^./||" --numeric-owner --owner=0 --group=0 -c ./ | tar --delete ./ | gzip > rootfs.tar.gz

etckeeper autopush

, , .

etckeeper.

:

force push

.. ...

# ssh-keygen
# apt install etckeeper
# etckeeper init
# cd /etc
# git remote add origin ...

autopush

( , ).

# cat /etc/etckeeper/etckeeper.conf
PUSH_REMOTE="origin"

...

- , ( MAC — ):

cat /proc/cpuinfo

# cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor       : 0
model name      : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)
BogoMIPS        : 60.36
Features        : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm 
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant     : 0x0
CPU part        : 0xc07
CPU revision    : 5

processor       : 1
model name      : ARMv7 Processor rev 5 (v7l)
BogoMIPS        : 60.36
Features        : half thumb fastmult vfp edsp neon vfpv3 tls vfpv4 idiva idivt vfpd32 lpae evtstrm 
CPU implementer : 0x41
CPU architecture: 7
CPU variant     : 0x0
CPU part        : 0xc07
CPU revision    : 5

Hardware        : Freescale i.MX7 Dual (Device Tree)
Revision        : 0000
Serial          : 06372509

# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep Serial | cut -d':' -f 2 | tr -d [:blank:]
06372509

# cat /etc/etckeeper/commit.d/40myown-push
#!/bin/sh
set -e

if [ "$VCS" = git ] && [ -d .git ]; then
  branch=$(cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep Serial | cut -d':' -f 2 | tr -d [:blank:])
  cd /etc/
  git push origin master:${branch}
fi

— .

BINFMT_MISC

Kernel Support for miscellaneous Binary Formats (binfmt_misc)

Compiling with qemu user chroot

Building Ubuntu rootfs for ARM

How to create a custom Ubuntu live from scratch

Crossdev qemu-static-user-chroot

etckeeper

getdents64问题

对于64位主机

Ext4上的32位用户静态qemu，readdir（）返回NULL（errno = EOVERFLOW）64位哈希中断32位glibc

2.28+当使用QEMU用户模式仿真CMake无法正常工作时，armhf的compile_id_detection失败

在q木臂下

从头开始为ARM创建Ubuntu映像